![]() Zinc concentrate contains approximately 40-45% zinc with other associated elements. Copper concentrate contains approximately 20% copper, plus various sulphides of copper and iron, and small concentrations of other materials, including gold and silver. This creates separated copper and zinc concentrates. As the bubbles condense, the water is drained off.These compounds force one mineral to cling to the surface of the bubbles and other minerals to stay inactive. In the second flotation stage (selective flotation) valuable minerals of different metals are separated from each other by adding special chemical compounds.All the sulphide particles cling to the surface of the bubbles, which are skimmed off into troughs. In the first stage of the flotation process (bulk flotation), the slurry (with reagents) is pumped into flotation tanks and injected with air to create bubbles.The process recovers all valuable components of the ore, such as zinc, copper and precious metals. ![]() This slurry is processed though the several flotation stages.A liquid ‘frother’ is added to aid the separation process.The slurry is mixed with various chemical reagents that can identify and coat the specific mineral particles.This produces finely ground ore in the form of a paste or slurry. The ore is processed through a series of crushers and mixed with water.Since completion of the Group restructuring on 31 October 2014 KAZ Minerals no longer carries out smelting and refining activities internally, instead sending copper concentrate directly to export markets or to external providers of smelting and refining services in Kazakhstan. Bozshakol commenced production of copper concentrate from sulphide ore in February 2016. The Aktogay expansion project to double sulphide processing capacity at the mine was officially opened in October 2021, with first shipment to customers in October 2021. Our Aktogay project commenced production of copper cathode from oxide ore via SX/EW in December 2015 and the main sulphide concentrator at Aktogay commenced commissioning in December 2016. Each step in the copper process focuses on removing increasing amounts of unwanted materials, turning ore into concentrate and then finished metals. The main by-products are zinc, silver, gold and molybdenum. The mines generally contain sulphide ores and by-products that vary in quantities and proportions between mines.
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